Smart Energy Monitor using IoT

Problem statement

Conventional energy meters only give monthly readings and do not help users understand when and where electricity is being wasted.

Abstract

This project implements an IoT based smart energy monitoring system for homes or small offices. Current and voltage sensors measure the electrical parameters of the load. A NodeMCU or ESP controller sends the data to a cloud or mobile dashboard. Users can view real time power and energy trends and receive notifications when usage exceeds a threshold.

Components required

• NodeMCU ESP8266 or ESP32
• Current sensor (ACS712 or similar)
• Voltage sensing circuit
• Wi-Fi router with internet access
• IoT dashboard platform (Blynk, MQTT, custom web)
• AC loads for testing
• 5V power supply or USB adapter

Block diagram

Working

Sensors measure current and voltage of the connected load. The controller reads the sensor values using its ADC, calculates power and energy, and sends readings to the cloud over Wi-Fi. The dashboard plots graphs and shows total energy consumption. When the calculated power or daily energy crosses a threshold, the system triggers notifications to the user.

Applications

• Smart metering in homes and hostels
• Energy auditing in labs and offices
• Monitoring of critical loads
• Educational demo for IoT and power monitoring