AI-Based Smart Dustbin with Auto Lid & Fill-Level Alert

Problem statement

Public bins often remain open causing foul smell, or overflow because cleaning staff do not know when they are full.

Abstract

The smart dustbin uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect when a user approaches, opening the lid with a servo motor. A second sensor inside measures fill level, and an ESP32 sends alerts when the bin is nearly full. An optional camera with a lightweight ML model can classify waste type (recyclable vs non-recyclable) to encourage proper disposal.

Components required

• ESP32 or similar controller
• Ultrasonic sensor for user detection
• Ultrasonic or IR sensor for fill level
• Servo motor for lid control
• Optional camera module
• Battery or DC adapter
• Plastic bin and mounting hardware

Block diagram

Working

When someone comes close, the proximity sensor triggers the ESP32 to rotate the servo and open the lid for a few seconds. Inside, the fill-level sensor measures distance to the waste surface; when it crosses a threshold, the ESP32 sends an alert via Wi-Fi to a dashboard or Telegram bot. With camera + ML, images of waste can be classified for segregation.

Applications

• Smart campus waste management
• Malls, airports and public spaces
• Awareness projects on cleanliness
• Practical combination of IoT and ML