IoT Weather Station with Local Forecasting

Problem statement

Global weather apps may not reflect micro-climate around a campus or locality, limiting local planning for events and agriculture.

Abstract

The IoT weather station collects temperature, humidity, pressure and rainfall data using sensors on a mast. An ESP32 sends readings to a cloud dashboard and also runs a basic forecasting algorithm using historical trends or integration with open weather APIs. Users can view live weather and 12–24 hour predictions.

Components required

• ESP32/ESP8266 controller
• Temperature & humidity sensor (DHT22)
• Pressure sensor (BMP280/BME280)
• Rain gauge or rain sensor
• Anemometer (optional for wind speed)
• Wi-Fi connectivity
• Cloud database and dashboard

Block diagram

Working

ESP32 periodically reads all sensors and sends the data with timestamps to the cloud. A backend script computes moving averages and pressure trends or combines them with online API data to estimate short-term forecast such as rain possibility and temperature range. The dashboard visualizes both current and predicted values.

Applications

• Campus micro-climate station
• Agricultural planning for nearby farms
• Research on environmental data
• Student-friendly weather portal