Decentralized E-Voting System Using Blockchain

Problem statement

Traditional voting systems, whether paper-based or electronic, can suffer from issues such as fraud, tampering, lack of transparency and centralization of control. There is a need for a secure, verifiable and transparent e-voting system that preserves voter privacy and provides publicly auditable election results.

Abstract

This project develops a decentralized e-voting platform using blockchain technology. Voters are registered and assigned unique identities or cryptographic keys. During the election, each vote is cast as a transaction to a smart contract. The blockchain’s immutability ensures that once cast, votes cannot be altered or deleted. Tallying is done by reading the public ledger, while preserving voter anonymity through appropriate design. A web-based interface allows voters to cast their votes and view aggregated results securely.

Components required

• Blockchain platform (Ethereum / private chain)
• Smart contract for managing candidates, votes and tallying
• Web frontend with Web3 wallet integration (Metamask etc.)
• Voter registration and authentication module
• Admin panel for configuring elections
• Optional off-chain database for user management

Block diagram

Working

Before the election, an admin deploys a voting smart contract with a list of candidates and election rules. Eligible voters are registered and associated with blockchain addresses or keys. During the voting phase, each voter connects to the DApp, selects a candidate and sends a signed transaction to the smart contract. The contract records the vote while enforcing constraints (e.g., one vote per address). After voting ends, anyone can call a tally function or read the contract’s state to compute vote counts. Transparency is ensured because all vote transactions are on-chain, yet voter identity can be kept pseudonymous or hidden using appropriate design.

Applications

• Student union and club elections
• Corporate board or shareholder voting
• Local community or housing society decisions
• Prototype for large-scale government e-voting