Quantum Random Number Generator Simulation Using Qiskit

Problem statement

Modern cryptography relies on randomness, but many pseudo-random number generators are deterministic and predictable if seeded poorly. Quantum mechanics provides a fundamentally unpredictable source of randomness. A simulator-based QRNG helps students learn how quantum processes generate randomness.

Abstract

This project uses IBM’s Qiskit framework to design a simple quantum circuit that produces true randomness using qubits initialized in a superposition state. Measurement collapses the qubits to |0⟩ or |1⟩ with equal probability, generating random bits. The system includes visualization of Bloch spheres, probability distributions, and output entropy analysis. It can be extended into a secure key generator for cryptographic applications.

Components required

• Python
• Qiskit SDK
• Jupyter Notebook
• Matplotlib for visualization
• Optional cloud execution on IBM Quantum Experience

Block diagram

Working

The program initializes a qubit in the |0⟩ state, applies a Hadamard gate to place it in equal superposition, and measures it, generating a random bit. Repeating the circuit many times produces a random bitstring. Visualization tools show probability distributions and how measurement collapses quantum states. The system evaluates randomness using entropy and standard tests.

Applications

• Cryptography and secure key generation
• Educational quantum computing demos
• Understanding superposition and measurement
• Research in quantum randomness